The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country serves as a vital indicator of its economic health and prosperity. As the world’s sixth-largest economy, India boasts a diverse landscape of economic activities that contribute to its overall growth. However, to truly understand the intricacies and disparities of this dynamic nation’s economic performance, we must delve into the individual contributions of its states. Each state in India plays a crucial role in shaping the nation’s economic narrative, bringing a unique blend of resources, industries, and demographics to the table.
What is GDP?
GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product. It is a fundamental economic indicator that represents the total monetary value of all goods and services produced within a country’s borders during a specific time period, typically measured on an annual or quarterly basis. GDP serves as a crucial measure of a country’s economic performance and is used to assess its overall economic health, growth rate, and standard of living.
GDP is calculated through three different approaches: the production approach, the income approach, and the expenditure approach. Each approach provides a slightly different perspective on the economy but ultimately should yield the same GDP figure.
By analyzing GDP, economists, policymakers, and investors can gain insights into the overall size and direction of an economy, identify economic trends, compare the relative economic performance of different countries, and formulate economic policies to promote sustainable growth and development. It is an essential tool for understanding and managing economic activities within a nation and plays a vital role in shaping economic decisions and strategies.
List of GDP of States of India
The list of Net State Domestic Products at Current Prices (2011-12 Series) is given below:
| S. No | State | 2020-21 | 2021-22 |
| 1 | Andhra Pradesh | 917920 | 1085625 |
| 2 | Arunachal Pradesh | 29354 | NA |
| 3 | Assam | 303016 | NA |
| 4 | Bihar | 533583 | 614431 |
| 5 | Chhattisgarh | 312532 | NA |
| 6 | Goa | 67075 | NA |
| 7 | Gujarat | 1459229 | NA |
| 8 | Haryana | 683810 | 808030 |
| 9 | Himachal Pradesh | 135190 | 150866 |
| S. No | State | 2020-21 | 2021-22 |
| 10 | Jharkhand | 271839 | 304903 |
| 11 | Karnataka | 1575400 | 1870429 |
| 12 | Kerala | 718034 | 811517 |
| 13 | Madhya Pradesh | 881530 | 1061297 |
| 14 | Maharashtra | 2393953 | NA |
| 15 | Manipur | 30866 | NA |
| 16 | Meghalaya | 30791 | 33690 |
| 17 | Mizoram | 17463 | NA |
| 18 | Nagaland | 26923 | NA |
| 19 | Odisha | 462358 | 571793 |
| 20 | Punjab | 471074 | 516142 |
| 21 | Rajasthan | 914262 | 1078903 |
| 22 | Sikkim | 27778 | 32133 |
| S. No | State | 2020-21 | 2021-22 |
| 23 | Tamil Nadu | 1617931 | 1845519 |
| 24 | Telangana | 868926 | 1041617 |
| 25 | Tripura | 48527 | 57589 |
| 26 | Uttar Pradesh | 1425330 | 1614798 |
| 27 | Uttarakhand | 207289 | 225097 |
| 28 | West Bengal | 1186857 | NA |
| 29 | Andaman & Nicobar Islands | NA | NA |
| 30 | Chandigarh | 35216 | NA |
| 31 | Delhi | 702519 | 836162 |
| 32 | Jammu & Kashmir-U.T. | 137397 | 162926 |
| 33 | Puducherry | 32006 | 33806 |
GDP of India
As of 2023, India’s gross domestic product (GDP) has surged past the $3.75 trillion milestone, a significant increase from approximately $2 trillion recorded in 2014. At present, India’s GDP stands higher than that of the United Kingdom ($3,159 billion), France ($2,924 billion), Canada ($2,089 billion), Russia ($1,840 billion), and Australia ($1,550 billion) when considering current prices.
Notably, India’s economic growth trajectory has propelled it to surpass the UK, making it the world’s fifth-largest economy. According to projections by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), India now trails only the United States ($26,854 billion), China ($19,374 billion), Japan ($4,410 billion), and Germany ($4,309 billion) in terms of GDP, indicating its growing significance on the global economic stage.
State with the Highest GDP
The top-ranking state in terms of GDP in India is Maharashtra with a GSDP of Rs 18.89 lakh crore, contributing approximately 14.4% to the country’s overall GDP. Maharashtra’s economy is characterized by its diversity and prominence in key sectors such as manufacturing, finance, and services. The state’s capital city, Mumbai, holds the status of India’s financial hub and accommodates numerous influential financial institutions and industries.
Maharashtra’s economic growth has been bolstered by substantial foreign investments and a robust infrastructure network. To further support business and attract investment, the state government has implemented several proactive policies and initiatives, making Maharashtra a sought-after destination for both domestic and international investors.
Second Highest State GDP
After Maharashtra, Gujarat is the second-largest state in India in terms of GSDP. The state’s GSDP stood at Rs 6.16 lakh crore in FY 2011-12 and it has more than doubled to Rs 12.48 lakh crore in FY 2020-21.
Factors Affecting the GDP of a State
The economic growth of Indian states is influenced by a multitude of factors. Natural resources, infrastructure, human capital, and government policies all play pivotal roles in determining a state’s GDP. States boasting strong manufacturing, service, and financial sectors generally exhibit higher GDP figures compared to those primarily dependent on agriculture. Moreover, external factors, including global economic and political developments, can impact GDP growth.
The government’s role is paramount in fostering economic development through the implementation of policies that promote investment, entrepreneurship, and innovation. However, regional disparities in economic growth persist across India, with certain states experiencing higher levels of development than others. Addressing these disparities remains a significant challenge for policymakers seeking to promote more equitable economic growth nationwide.
FAQ
Which industries are responsible for these states’ economic growth?
- Maharashtra gains from a robust industrial foundation that includes manufacturing, finance, and services.
- Delhi has a vibrant service industry with a strong emphasis on government-related tasks.
- While Gujarat has a thriving industrial sector, particularly in petrochemicals and textiles.
- Tamil Nadu is noted for its manufacturing and automobile sectors.
Which are the top ten richest states of India?
According to per capita GDP: Maharashtra, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Kerala, Haryana, and Punjab are the top 10 richest states in India.
